Hyperbaric
Therapy, also known as Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, HBO or HBOT, is a
specialized therapy that uses an increase in atmospheric pressure to
allow the body to incorporate more oxygen into blood cells, blood
plasma, cerebral-spinal fluid, and other body fluids.
At sea level the atmospheric pressure is 1ATA (14.7 psi or pounds
per square inch), which allows the lungs to absorb a normal amount
of oxygen from the air. At higher altitudes, the pressure drops and
the lungs are not able to absorb as much oxygen from the air. This
is why oxygen masks drop in an airplane at high altitudes – to
increase the oxygen content due to the lack of pressure. The exact
opposite happens at lower altitudes (below sea level). There, the
pressure is greater (above 1ATA) and now the lungs can more easily
absorb the oxygen, and at a greater volume.
Consider this analogy
A bottle of
soda-pop is a pressurized vessel. In the bottle there is liquid.
There is also ‘carbonation’ (the gas) and pressure. When the bottle
is sealed, bubbles are not seen. The moment the cap is twisted and
the seal is broken, there is a ‘swish’ and the pressure is released
from the bottle. Now, all of a sudden there is a formation of
bubbles in the bottle, and as time goes, they grow and float to the
top of the liquid. Certainly the pressure in the bottle is quite
high and the nature of the gas (carbonation) is a different than the
21% oxygen in the ambient air. However the concept is the same. In
the hyperbaric chamber, as the pressure goes up, more oxygen from
the air is ‘pushed’ into the fluids of the body.
The healing process occurs when a severely compromised tissue in the
body
begins to receive oxygen, and blood circulation to the tissue
resumes.
Note: The damaged tissue may not have been receiving enough blood
for it to heal, due to a lack of blood circulation caused by the
initial trauma.
Here lies the healing magic of Hyperbaric Oxygenation. Inside the
pressurized chamber, the story unfolds. The injury site now begins
to receive a healing dose of oxygen through the surrounding body
fluids and plasma—even if the blood supply to the tissues is
compromised.
Furthermore, to boost the oxygen concentration in oxygen chambers,
supplemental oxygen may be added into hyperbaric chambers during
treatment.
Doctors and therapists commonly use enriched oxygen or an oxygen
concentrator, also called an oxygen generator to help supplement the
oxygen. As explained before, this oxygen will become infused into
the numerous types of liquids in the body—blood, plasma, cerebral
fluids.
And like the soda-pop in our analogy, the oxygen uptake will remain
in the body for a time after treatment.
The Gas Laws of Physics state that more gas is dissolved in a liquid
by increasing the pressure of the gas.
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