The most
prevalent lymphatic disorder is lymphatic insufficiency, or
lymphedema. This is an accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the
interstitial tissue causing swelling, most often in the arm(s)
and/or leg(s), and occasionally in other parts of the body. The
severity of this disease varies from very mild complications to a
disfiguring, painful and disabling condition. In addition, patients
are often susceptible to serious life-threatening cellulite
infections(deep skin), and if untreated, can spread systemically or
require surgical intervention. It remains a lifelong functional
problem requiring daily treatment for maintenance. Eventually the
skin becomes fibrotic (thickening of the skin and subcutaneous
tissues) with loss of normal architecture, function and mobility.
Primary
Lymphedema is an inherited condition in approximately 0.6% of live
births. The lymphatic vessels are either missing or impaired and can
affect from one to as many as four limbs and/or other parts of the
body, including internal organs. It can be present at birth, develop
at the onset of puberty or present in adulthood, with no apparent
causes.
Other lymphatic
diseases include lipedema, cystic hygromas, lymphangiomas,
lymphangiectasias, lymphangiomatosis and other mixed
vascular/lymphatic malformation syndromes and conditions, such as
Turner-Weber and Klippel Trenauney Syndrome.
Secondary
Lymphedema (acquired regional lymphatic insufficiency) is a common
problem among adults and children in the United States. It can occur
following any trauma, infection or surgery that disrupts the
lymphatic channels or results in the loss of lymph nodes. Among the
more than 3 million breast cancer survivors alone, acquired or
secondary lymphedema is believed to be present in approximately 30%
of these individuals, predisposing them to the same long-term
problems as described above. Lymphedema also results from prostate,
uterine, cervical, abdominal, orthopedic cosmetic (liposuction) and
other surgeries, malignant melanoma, and treatments used for both
Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Radiation,
sports injuries, tattooing, and any physical insult to the lymphatic
pathways can also cause lymphedema. Even though lymphatic
insufficiency may not immediately present at the time any of the
events occur, these individuals are at life-long risk for the onset
of lymphedema. Filariasis is a world health problem resulting from a
parasitic-caused infection causing lymphatic insufficiency, and in
some cases predisposes elephantiasis. The World Health
Organization's recent efforts to eradicate the spread of infection
do not address or eliminate the resulting lymphedema.
Lymphoma is a
general term for a group of cancers that originate in the lymphatic
system. The lymphomas are divided into two major categories: Hodgkin
lymphoma and all other lymphomas, called non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
Lymphomas are cancers that begin by the malignant transformation of
a lymphocyte in the lymphatic system. Lymphomas, including Hodgkin
lymphoma, result from an acquired injury to the DNA of a lymphocyte.
Scientists know that the damage to the DNA occurs after birth and,
therefore, is acquired rather than inherited. Lymphomas generally
start in lymph nodes or collections of lymphatic tissue in organs
like the stomach or intestines. Lymphomas may involve the marrow and
the blood in some cases.
Functions of the Lymphatic System Part 1
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